For/ Against
Opening: Present the issuve
Body: For/ Against
Against/ For
Closing/ Conclusion: For
Against
UNIT 1: A FOR AND AGAINST ESSAY
PLAN
Opening: States the issue.
Body: Presents arguments for and against, giving examples.
Closing: Summarises the topic and states the writer's opinion.
CONNECTORS:
-Conectors of addition: also, in addition, moreover, furthermore, besides, as well as.
-Conectors of contrast: on the one hand, on the other hand, but, however, although, even though, despite, in spite of, nevertheless while.
USEFUL EXPRESSIONS:
It is quite common for ...
It is becoming very popular for ...
However, is this really true?
Firstly/First of all, ...
As I see it, ...
For this reason ...
For example, ...
In short, ...
To sum up, ...
In my opinion, ...
I believe ...
Are the advantages of ... greater than the disadvantages?
There's not doubt that ...
It's true that ...
UNIT 2: AN OPINION ESSAY
PLAN
Opening: States the topic and the writer's opinion.
Body: Supports the writer's opinion with reasons, facts and examples; each idea is developed in a new paragraph.
Closing: Summarises and restates the writer's opinion.
CONNECTORS:
-Conectors of cause: because of, due to, as, since, as a result of (followed by reason)
-Conectors of result: so, therefore, consequently, for this reason, as a result (followed by consequence)
USEFUL EXPRESSIONS:
Firstly/First of all, ...
As I see it, this would be a wise decision.
For example, ...
In short, ...
In my opinion, this would be a mistake.
I believe/ think that.
There's not doubt that ...
I hate/ love/ don`t mind ...
It`s clear that ...
As far as I'm concerned, ....
Personally, ...
While I understand ... , I (do not) believe ...
Furthermore, ...
Finally ...
For a start, ...
Secondly, ...
The fact is that ...
To sum up, ...
In conclusion, ...
UNIT 3: A NARRATIVE
PLAN
Opening: Sets the scene and introduces the main charcter(s).
Body: Give details and the main events leading up to the climax.
Closing: Gives the ending of the story and any consequences.
CONNECTORS:
-Connectors of sequence: first, before, next, then, finally.
-Times expressions: once, when, as soon as, the next thing, during.
USEFUL EXPRESSIONS:
It all began when…
One afternoon/day…
Last week/year, …
Tow years ago, …
Last summer, …
Before I knew it, …
That’s when …
All of a sudden, …
All in all, it was a …
The other day/night/ …
Suddenly, …
As soon as …
At that moment, …
A few moment, …
I felt …
When
While
At first, …
Then, …
Next, …
Later, …
At last, …
In the end, …
Finally, …
Includes only important information organised into one cohesive paragraph.
USEFUL EXPRESSIONS:
He/She was born in …
During his/her childhood, …
At the age of …
By the time he/she was …
… grew up to be …
… once said, “ …”
Apparently, …
Finally, …
If …
Clearly, …
Consequently, …
In short, …
Presently, …
… although …
Obviously, …
UNIT 5: A BIOGRAPHY
PLAN
Opening: Introduces the person and what he/she is famous for.
Body: Provides information about the person's early life and career.
Closing: Gives a summary of the person's achievements/future plans.
USEFUL EXPRESSIONS:
... is one of the world's most/best ...
He/She was famous for ...
... know for ...
... was born in ... (place)
... was born on ... (date)
When he/she was ...
At the age of ...
As an adult/teenager/child, ...
... died in ...
Today, ...
In the future, ...
During his/her childhood, ...
By the time he/she was ...
... grew up to be ...
... once said, "..."
UNIT 6: A FORMAL E-MAIL
PLAN
Subject line: Gives topic of e-mail.
Greeting
Body: Gives information and details.
Closing: Closing remarks.
Signing off
Contact details of person writing the e-mail.
USEFUL EXPRESSIONS
It's a fact that ...
it's true that ...
On the one hand, ...
On the other hand, ...
Although ...
In adition, ...
Moreover, ...
For example, ...
I would like to point out ...
In my opinion, ...
Personally, I think ...
Firstly, .../Secondly, .../Finally, ...
In conclusion, ...
To sum up, ...
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